比尔盖兹资助计画:智能 马桶化悲「粪」为力量 Bill Gates’ Funded Program Working to Build Smart Toilets
Bill Gates’ Funded Program Working to Build Smart Toilets
#环境·卫生 #时事
2/15 解析英语
作者 Analytical Editors
阅读时间 7分钟
听讲解 听朗读
本图文出处:
https://www.ivy.com.tw/newsLetter/an...102614445680788MP3:
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比尔盖兹资助计画:智能 马桶化悲「粪」为力量 Bill Gates’ Funded Program Working to Build Smart Toilets
这个马桶对固状排泄物施行脱水、干燥、然后燃烧以杀死有害的细菌，而液态排泄物透过生物净化过程进行处理。
目录 / More to Learn / 中文翻译(& 答案)
新闻英语
Since humans began to live in permanent settlements, one major issue has troubled every civilization: dealing with human waste. Highly contagious and fatal diseases like cholera and typhoid can be spread due to poor management of human excrement. That’s why it is important to have good sewage and waste management systems. Unfortunately, many places lack good sanitation systems. Thus, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge in 2011 to solve this problem.
Samsung is one company that completed a project for this challenge. After three years of development, the toilet created by the company can turn waste into ash without using any water. It dehydrates, dries, and then burns solid waste to kill harmful bacteria, while liquid waste is treated through a biological purification process. The energy-efficient toilet can be easily built in remote areas and positively impacts the local environment. Samsung plans to license patents for the project free of charge to developing countries interested in the technology.
Another company working on the challenge is Janicki. The Seattle- based company has developed a waste processing machine called the Omni Processor. Human waste collected by the machine is changed into different byproducts: ash, electricity, and clean water. The electricity produced by burning solid waste is used to power the machine, and the leftover ash can be turned into bricks. The wet waste can supply water to crops and plants and is safe enough to drink. Currently, the Omni Processor is being set up in Dakar, Senegal, with plans to introduce the machine to other cities in need.
1. How does the Samsung toilet help prevent infectious illnesses from spreading?
(A) Fatal bacteria in liquid waste are collected and killed.
(B) Harmful viruses in solid waste are burned and destroyed.
(C) Bad germs in wet waste are heated and turned into ashes.
(D) Deadly organisms in hard waste are purified through a special process.
2. What can be inferred about Samsung’s next step with its new toilet in the future?
(A) Samsung will produce it in Dakar, Senegal.
(B) Samsung will offer it to developing countries for free.
(C) Samsung will work with Janicki to build new models.
(D) Samsung will sell it to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
答案： 1.B 2.B 3.C
单字片语整理
Words in Use
●
turn [tɝn]
vt. & vi. (使)转动/向;(使)变成
n. 顺次，轮到的机会
●
supply [səˋplaɪ]
vt. 供应
n. 补给品（恒用复数）；供给量
●
introduce [͵ɪntrəˋdjus]
vt. 介绍；引进，推出（产品等）
●
secondary [ˋsɛkən͵dɛrɪ]
adj. 次要的；（学校）中等教育的
●
settlement [ˋsɛt!mənt]
n. 解决（纠纷等）；定居点 / 地
●
patent [ˋpætnt]
vt. 取得专利 & a. 专利的
n. 专利（权）
●
impact [ɪmˋpækt]
n. 影响，冲击（常与介词 on 并用）
vt. 对……产生影响
●
permanent [ˋpɝmənənt]
a. 永恒的；常设的
●
license [ˋlaɪsns]
n. 执照（可数）
vt. 授权，批准
●
launch [lɔntʃ]
.vt. 发动（活动）；发射（火箭、飞弹）；发表（新书、新作品、新产品）
n. 发表会；（船）首次下水出航；（火箭）首次发射升空
●
fatal [ˋfet!]
a. 致命的；无可挽回的
●
civilization [͵sɪv!əˋzeʃən]
n. 文明（不可数）
●
contagious [kənˋtedʒəs]
a. 有传染性的
●
biological [͵baɪəˋlɑdʒɪk!]
a. 生物 (学) 的
●
sanitation [͵sænəˋteʃən]
n. . 公共卫生系统（不可数）
●
electricity [͵ilɛkˋtrɪsətɪ]
n. 电；电力
●
leftover [ˋleft͵ovɚ]
a. 剩余的
●
sewage [ˋsjuɪdʒ]
n. （下水道的）污水
●
cholera [ˋkɑlərə]
n. 霍乱（不可数）
●
typhoid [ˋtaɪfɔɪd]
n. 伤寒症
●
excrement [ˋɛkskrɪmənt]
n. 排泄物，粪便
●
dehydrate [diˋhaɪ͵dret]
vt. 脱水
●
purification [͵pjʊrəfəˋkeʃən]
n. 净化（不可数）
●
byproduct [ˋbaɪ͵prɑdəkt]
n. 副产品；附带产生的后果
Practical Phrases
●
free of charge 免费
= for free
The booklet is free of charge.
这本小册子是免费的。
The elderly can get in the museum free of charge.
年长者可以免费进入博物馆。
●
introduce A to B 把 A 介绍给 B，向 B 介绍 A
The chairman introduced the speaker to the audience.
主席向听众介绍这位演讲者。
The Dutch were the first to introduce tea to Europe.
首次将茶引进欧洲的是荷兰人。
●
change A into B 将 A 改变为 B
The land owner changed the old house into a hotel.
地主将这栋旧屋改成一家旅馆。
The magician changed the mouse into a bird.
魔术师把老鼠变成一只鸟。
●
turn A into B 将 A 改变为 B
= transform A into B
= convert A into B
= change A into B
The land owner turned the old house into a hotel.
地主将这栋旧屋改成一家旅馆。
The witch turned the prince into a beast.
巫婆把王子变成了一头野兽。
●
set up... / set... up 建立 / 安排 / 设定好......
We set up a statue in memory of the hero.
我们建立一座雕像记念这位英雄。
●
deal with... 与……交易；处理……
This week, I have a lot of work to deal with.
这个星期我有很多工作要处理。
●
energy-efficient 节能的
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supply A to B 提供 A 给 B
The school supplies scholarships to students in need.
这所学校为有需要的学生提供奖学金。
More to Learn
waste [ west ] n. 排泄物(不可数)
• The farm has put great efforts into animal waste management to improve sanitation.
该农场在动物排泄物管理上投入了许多心力以改善卫生。
以下介绍 waste 的其他用法:
a. (n.) 垃圾，废弃物(集合名词)
• The river was seriously contaminated by chemical waste. 这条河被化学废弃物严重污染。
b. (n.) 浪费，滥用(常用单数)
a waste of time / money / effort 浪费时间/钱/心力
• Arguing this matter with Tim is just a waste of time.
跟提姆争论这件事只是浪费时间。
c. (n.) 浪费的行为，形成浪费(不可数)
go to waste 被浪费
• My grandmother hates to see food go to waste.
我的祖母讨厌看到食物被浪费。
d. (n.) 荒原，不毛之地(恒用复数)
• The frozen wastes of Antarctica are not suitable for people to live.
南极洲的冰冻荒原不适合人类居住。
e. (vt.) 浪费
• You should never waste time on trifles.
你永远不应该在琐事上浪费时间。
*trifle [ ˋtraɪf] n. 琐事
中文翻译(& 答案)
自从人类开始永久定居的生活以来，有个大问题一直 困扰着每个文明社会:人类排泄物的处理。像是霍乱及伤寒 等具高度传染力且致命的疾病，会因为人类排泄物处理不当 而传播开来。那就是为什么拥有良好的污水及排泄物处理系 统相当重要。不幸的是，很多地方缺乏良好的公卫系统。因 此，比尔及梅琳达‧盖茨基金会在 2011 年发起了「厕所创 新大赛」(编按:直译为重塑厕所大挑战)以解决此问题。
三星是为了此挑战而完成一项计画的公司之一。历经三 年的研发，该公司所打造的马桶可以不使用一滴水，就将排 泄物化作灰烬。这个马桶对固状排泄物施行脱水、干燥、然 后燃烧以杀死有害的细菌，而液态排泄物透过生物净化过程 进行处理。这款节能马桶可以很容易地被安装在偏远地区，且可以为当地环境带来正面影响。三星计划将此企划的产品 专利权免费授权给对此技术有兴趣的开发中国家。
另一家致力于此挑战的公司则是杰尼克生物能源公 司。这家总部位于西雅图的公司开发了一台名为 Omni Processor 的排泄物处理机器。该机器收集来的人类排泄物 被转化为不同的副产品:灰烬、电力和干净的水。藉由燃烧 固态排泄物产生的电力被用来为该机器提供动力，而剩下的 灰烬可以被转变成砖块。潮湿的排泄物可以提供农作物及植 物水分且能安全饮用。近期，该公司正在塞内加尔的达卡设 置 Omni Processor，并计划将该机器引进到其他有需要的 城市。
1. 三星这款马桶如何帮助预防传染性疾病传播?
(A) 收集并杀死液态排泄物中的致命细菌。
(B) 燃烧并毁坏固状排泄物中的有害病毒。
(C) 加热潮湿排泄物中的有害细菌并将其化作灰烬。
(D) 透过一个特别的处理流程净化固状排泄物中的致命性有机物。
2. 可推论出三星在未来对其新马桶的下一步会是什么?
(A) 三星将于塞内加尔的达卡生产该马桶。
(B) 三星将免费提供该马桶给发展中国家。
(C) 三星将与杰尼克生物能源公司共同打造新型号。
(D) 三星将把该马桶卖给比尔及梅琳达‧盖茨基金会。
3. 下列何者并非 Omni Processor 的附属产物?
(A) 灰烬。
(B) 电力。
(C) 液态排泄物
(D) 安全饮用水。
